1-1. Foreign Invasions and External Conflicts

1-2. Opening of the Country under Pressure from Foreign Powers

1-3. The Enlightenment School’s Responses to the Invasions of the Great Powers and the Unequal Treaties

1-4. The School of Defending Orthodoxy and Rejecting Heterodoxy’s Responses to Imperialist Invasions and Unequal Treaties

2-1. The Enlightenment School’s Three-Day World: The 1884 Coup

2-2. Half-baked Reform from Above: The Gabo Reform

2-3. Reform from Above to Strengthen the Monarchy: The Gwangmu Reform

2-4. Reform that Puts the People First: The Independence Club

3-1. Emergence and Spread of Donghak

3-2. The Outbreak of the Donghak Peasant Revolution

3-3. The Jeonju Accord and the Corruption Reform Plan

3-4. What the Donghak Peasant Revolution Left Us

4-1. Independence Activists Who Chose the Path of Anti-Japanese Struggle in the face of a National Crisis (Part 1)

4-2. Independence Activists Who Chose the Path of Anti-Japanese Struggle in the face of a National Crisis (Part 2)

4-3. Pro-Japanese Collaborators Who Took Advantage of the Fall of Joseon to Take the Path of Pro-Japanese Activities

4-4. Pro-Japanese Collaborators Who Used the Independence Movement as an Opportunity to be Pro-Japanese

5-1. Japanese Colonial Rule and the Structural Discrimination

5-2. Ethnic Discrimination in Everyday Life

5-3. Class Discrimination and Gender Discrimination Overlapping with Ethnic Discrimination

5-4. Independence Movements Aimed at Solving the National Problem

6-1. The Independence Movement Camp’s Efforts to Punish Pro-Japanese Collaborators During the Colonial Period

6-2. Legalization of the Liquidation of Pro-Japanese Collaborators after Liberation

6-3. The Counterattack of the Syngman Rhee Government and Pro-Japanese Forces after the Enactment of the Anti-Nationalist Law

6-4. What the Liquidation of Pro-Japanese Collaborators by the Special Investigation Committee of Anti-National Activities Left Behind

7-1. The Roots of Korean Democracy

7-2. The Constitution and Democracy Denied by the Syngman Rhee Regime

7-3. The March 15 Election Fraud and the April Revolution in 1960

7-4. The April Revolution and the Judicial Action on the Perpetrators of Election Fraud